Gene Editing Decision Tree

Fix a single-letter (point) mutation

Correct a disease-causing SNP or single nucleotide change

Knock out or disrupt a gene

Permanently or temporarily disable a harmful gene

Insert a new gene or large sequence

Add a functional gene copy or new genetic material

Temporarily change gene expression

Turn a gene up or down without altering the DNA sequence

Edit RNA (not DNA)

Make changes at the RNA level for a reversible, transient effect